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11350
* lamb. or, kid. superfluous.
# 21:18
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* broken. or, cut.
# 20 De 23:1
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* a stranger's.
# Nu 15:14-16 16:40 Ezr 6:8-10
* the bread.
# 21:6,8,21,22 Mal 1:7,8,12-14
* because.
# Eph 2:12 1Jo 5:18
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# 26
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* seven days.
It was necessary for the mother's health that the young one
should suck so long; and prior to this time, the process of
nutrition in a young animal can scarcely be considered as
completely formed. Besides this, it may justly be asserted,
that the flesh of very young animals is comparatively
innutritive. There is something brutish in eating the young
of beast or fowl, before the hair and hoofs are perfect in
the one, and feathers and claws in the other; and before this
period, their flesh is not good for food, consequently they
were not fit for sacrifice, which is termed the bread or food
of God, (ver. 25.)
# 25 12:2,3 19:23,24 Ex 22:30
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* ewe. or, she goat. ye shall not kill it.
This law was certainly intended to inculcate mercy and
tenderness of heart; and so the Jews have understood it.
# Ex 23:19 34:26 De 14:21 22:6,7
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# 7:12-15 Ps 107:22 116:17 Ho 14:2 Am 4:5 Heb 13:15 1Pe 2:5
11357
# 7:15-18 19:7 Ex 16:19,20
11358
# 18:4,5 19:37 Nu 15:40 De 4:40 1Th 4:1,2
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# 2 18:21
* I will.
# 10:3 Isa 5:16 Mt 6:9 Lu 11:2
* hallow you.
# 16 20:8 21:8,15 Ex 19:5,6 Joh 17:17 1Co 1:2
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# 11:45 19:36 25:38 Ex 6:7 20:2 Nu 15:41
11361
1 The feasts of the Lord.
3 The sabbath.
4 The passover.
9 The sheaf of first-fruits.
15 The feast of Pentecost.
22 Gleanings to be left for the poor.
23 The feast of trumpets.
26 The day of atonement.
33 The feast of tabernacles.
# 1
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* the feasts.
God appointed several festivals among the Jews. The Passover
was celebrated on the 14th, or rather 15th day of the first
month in the ecclesiastical year, which was the seventh of the
civil year, and lasted seven days. The Pentecost was
celebrated on the fiftieth day after the passover, in memory
of the law's being given to Moses on Mount Sinai, fifty days,
or seven weeks after the departure out of Egypt. The word is
derived from the Greek word [Pentekoste,] which signifies the
fiftieth. The Hebrews call it the feast of weeks, Ex 34:22.
The feast of trumpets, celebrated on the first day of the
civil year, when a trumpet was sounded, to proclaim its
commencement, which was in the month {Tisri,} answering to our
September, Le 23:24, 25. The new moons, or first days of
every month, were, in some sort, a consequence of the feast of
trumpets. God ordained that, by giving him the first-fruits
of every month they should acknowledge him as the Lord of all
their time, and own his providence, by which all times and
seasons are ordered. The feast of expiation or atonement was
kept on the 10th day of {Tisri} or September: the Hebrews call
it Kippur, i.e., pardon or expiation, because it was
instituted for the expiation of their sins. The feast of
tents or tabernacles was so called, because the Israelites
kept it under green tents or arbours, in memory of their
dwelling in their passage through the wilderness. It was
celebrated on the 15th day of {Tisri,} and continued eight
days: the first and last days are the most solemn. Besides
the feasts mentioned by Moses, we find the feast of {lots,} or
{Purim,} which was celebrated among the Jews of Shushan on the
14th of {Adar,} which answers to our February. The feast of
the dedication of the temple, or rather, of the restoration of
the temple, which had been profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes,
which is thought to be the feast mentioned in the gospel Joh
10:22, was celebrated in the winter. {Moâdim,} properly means
assemblies, convened at an appointed time and place.
# 4,37 Ex 23:14-17 Isa 1:13,14 33:20 La 1:4 Ho 2:11 Na 1:15
# Joh 5:1 Col 2:1
* proclaim
# Ex 32:5 Nu 10:2,3,10 2Ki 10:20 2Ch 30:5 Ps 81:3 Joe 1:14 2:15
# Jon 3:5-9
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# 19:3 Ex 16:23,29 20:8-11 23:12 31:15 34:21 35:2,3 De 5:13
# Isa 56:2,6 58:13 Lu 13:14 23:56 Ac 15:21 Re 1:10
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# 2,37 Ex 23:14
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# Ex 12:2-14,18 13:3-10 23:15 Nu 9:2-7 28:16 De 16:1-8 Jos 5:10
# 2Ch 35:18,19 Mt 26:17 Mr 14:12 Lu 22:7 1Co 5:7,8
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# Ex 12:15,16 13:6,7 34:18 Nu 28:17,18 De 16:8 Ac 12:3,4
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# Nu 28:18-25
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# 8
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# 9
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* When.
# 14:34
* and shall.
# 2:12-16 Ex 22:29 23:16,19 34:22,26 Nu 15:2,18-21 28:26
# De 16:9 Jos 3:15
* sheaf. or, handful. Heb. omer. the first fruits.
This offering was a public acknowledgement of the bounty and
goodness of God for the kindly fruits of the earth. From the
practice of the people of God, the heathen borrowed a similar
one, founded on the same reason.
# Pr 3:9,10 Eze 44:30 Ro 11:16 1Co 15:20-23 Jas 1:18 Re 14:4
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# 9:21 10:14 Ex 29:24
11372
# 1:10 Heb 10:10-12 1Pe 1:19
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* the meat.
# 2:14-16 14:10 Nu 15:3-12
* the drink.
# Ex 29:40,41 30:9 Nu 28:10 Joe 1:9,13 2:14
* the fourth.
# Ex 30:24 Eze 4:11 45:24 46:14
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* eat.
# 19:23-25 25:2,3 Ge 4:4,5 Jos 5:11,12
* it shall be.
# 3:17 10:11 De 16:12 Ne 9:14 Ps 19:8
11375
# 10,11 25:8 Ex 34:22 De 16:9,10
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# Ac 2:1
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* two wave.
# Nu 28:26
* leaven.
# 7:13 Mt 13:33
* the first-fruits.
# 10 Ex 22:29 23:16,19 34:22,26 Nu 15:17,19-21 De 26:1,2
# Pr 3:9,10 Ro 8:23 1Co 15:20 Jas 1:18 Re 14:4
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* seven lambs.
# 12,13 Nu 28:27-31 Mal 1:13,14
* with their.
# Nu 15:4-12
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* one kid.
# 4:23-28 16:15 Nu 15:24 28:30 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21
* two lambs.
# 3:1-17 7:11-18
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* wave them.
# 17 7:29,30 Ex 29:24 Lu 2:14 Eph 2:14
* holy to.
# 7:31-34 8:29 10:14,15 Nu 18:8-12 De 18:4 1Co 9:11
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* proclaim.
# 2,4 Ex 12:16 De 16:11 Isa 11:10
* a statute.
# 14 Ge 17:7 Ex 12:17 Nu 18:23
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# 19:9,10 De 16:11-14 24:19-21 Ru 2:3-7,15,16-23 Job 31:16-21
# Ps 41:1-3 112:9 Pr 11:24,25 Isa 58:7,8,10 Lu 11:41 2Co 9:5-12
To the institution of the feast of pentecost is annexed a
repetition of that law, by which they were required to leave
the gleanings of their fields, and the corn that grew on the
ends of the butts, for the poor. It may come in here as a
thing which the priests must take occasion to remind the
people of, when they brought their first-fruits, intimating
to them, that to obey even in this small matter was better
than sacrifice; and that unless they were obedient, their
offerings should not be accepted. It also taught them that
the joy of harvest should express itself in charity to the
poor, who must have their due out of what we have, as well as
God his. They that are truly sensible of the mercy they
receive from God, will without grudging shew mercy to the
poor.
11383
# 23
11384
* In the seventh.
# Nu 10:10 29:1-6 1Ch 15:28 2Ch 5:13 Ezr 3:6 Ps 81:1-4 98:6
# Isa 27:13 1Co 15:52 1Th 4:16
* a memorial.
{Zichron terooâh,} here rendered "a memorial of blowing the
trumpets" properly signifies a memorial of triumph or
shouting for joy. This festival is generally called the
feast of trumpets; and, though the Scriptures have not
expressly declared the reason of its celebration, yet, as it
fell in the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the
first of the civil year, that is, the month {Tisri,}
answering to our September, the opinion very generally
embraced by both Jews and Christians is, that it was a
memorial of the creation of the world, at which "the sons of
God shouted for joy," (Job 38:7;) and which is supposed, not
altogether without reason, to have been at this season of the
year. The month {Tisri} was not only anciently, but still
is, reckoned by the Jews the first month of the year; and the
feast of tabernacles, kept in this month, was said to be, as
it is correctly rendered in the margin, "at the revolution of
the year," (Ex 34:22;) importing, that at this season the
year had revolved, and was beginning anew. So that this
feast was the new year's day, on which the people rejoiced in
a grateful remembrance of God's benefits, and implored his
blessing for the future year.
# 25:9
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# 25
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# 26
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* the tenth.
# 16:29,30 25:9 Nu 29:7-11
* afflict.
# 16:31 Nu 29:7 Ezr 8:21 Ps 35:13 Isa 58:5 Da 10:2,3 Zec 12:10
# Ac 2:37,38 2Co 7:10,11 Jas 4:9
* offer.
# 16:11,15,24
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# 16:34 Isa 53:10 Da 9:24 Zec 3:9 Ro 5:10,11 Heb 9:12,26
# Heb 10:10,14 1Jo 2:2 4:10 5:6
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* that shall.
# 27,32 Isa 22:12 Jer 31:9 Eze 7:16
* he shall be.
# Ge 17:14
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# 20:3,5,6 Ge 17:14 Jer 15:7 Eze 14:9 Zep 2:5 1Co 3:17
11391
# 31
11392
* a sabbath.
# 16:31 Mt 11:28-30 Heb 4:3,11
* afflict.
# 27 Ps 35:13 51:17 69:10,11 126:5,6 Isa 57:15,18,19 58:3-7
# Isa 61:3 Mt 5:4 1Co 11:31
* celebrate your sabbath. Heb. rest.
11393
# 33
11394
* The fifteenth.
# Ex 23:16 34:22 Nu 29:12 De 16:13-15 Ezr 3:4 Ne 8:14
# Zec 14:16-19 Joh 1:14 7:2 Heb 11:9,13
* the feast of tabernacles.
This feast was celebrated in commemoration of the Israelites'
dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years; and was
kept with greater hilarity than any of the other festivals.
Hence, in the Talmud, it is often called {chag,} the feast, by
way of excellence; and by Philo, [heorton megisten,] the
greatest of the feasts; it was therefore more noticed by the
heathen than any other. It is probable that Cecrops borrowed
from it the law which he made in Athens, "that the master of
every family should after harvest make a feast for his
servants, and eat together with them who had taken pains with
him in tilling his grounds."
11395
# 7,8,24,25
11396
* Seven.
# Nu 29:12-38
* the eighth.
# 2Ch 7:8-11 Ne 8:18 Joh 7:37
* solemn. Heb. day of restraint.
# De 16:8 Joe 1:14 2:15 *marg:
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* the feasts.
# 2,4 De 16:16,17
* every thing.
# Ec 3:1
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* the sabbaths.
# 3 19:3 Ge 2:2,3 Ex 20:8-11
* and beside.
# Nu 29:39 De 12:6 1Ch 29:3-8 2Ch 35:7,8 Ezr 2:68,69
11399
* when.
# 34 Ex 23:16 De 16:13
* on the first.
# 24,36